CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY VERSUS OPEN SURGERY IN COLORECTAL CANCER

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide, with surgical resection remaining the cornerstone of curative treatment. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS), including laparoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques, has increasingly replaced traditional open surgery due to potential benefits in postoperative recovery and oncological outcomes. This systematic review evaluates clinical outcomes comparing MIS and open surgery in colorectal cancer patients, focusing on perioperative morbidity, oncological adequacy, recovery metrics, and long-term survival. Data from multiple randomized controlled trials and cohort studies highlight that MIS offers reduced blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and faster return of bowel function with comparable oncological safety. However, longer operative times and the need for advanced surgical expertise are noted challenges. The review discusses implications for clinical practice in Pakistan, emphasizing the need for capacity building and resource allocation to optimize CRC surgical care